what to do if there is no page number when citing sources in text mla

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The Modernistic Language Association (MLA) citation way calls for a Works Cited page at the finish of your paper forth with parenthetical citations in-text. Place an in-text commendation at the terminate of every sentence in which y'all quote or paraphrase information or ideas from another source. The basic format for an MLA in-text citation is the author'due south terminal name followed by the page number or page range where the quoted or paraphrased data appears. Yet, there are some special circumstances where y'all may take to deviate from this format.^[ane]

1. one

   Put the author'due south terminal name and page number in parentheses. To create a basic MLA in-text commendation, blazon the last name of the writer, then a space, then the page number (or range of pages) where the information you quoted or paraphrased appears in the original work. Your citation goes at the end of the sentence, inside the endmost punctuation.^[two]

   • For example: Louis Armstrong hands reached difficult notes that stymied other trumpet players (Bergreen 258).

   Tip: If y'all include the proper noun of the writer in the body of your newspaper, you don't need to include it again in the parenthetical citation.

2. 2

   Add outset initials for authors with the same last name. Specially if you have authors with relatively common names, information technology's likely you'll have multiple sources with authors who accept the same terminal name. Use get-go initials to differentiate them then your in-text commendation volition point your readers to the correct entry on your Works Cited page.^[iii]

   • For case: Tape deals are typically negotiated by lawyers and studio executives, non by the artists themselves (R. Stewart 17).

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3. 3

   Type both authors' names if the piece of work has 2 authors. Blazon the start writer'due south proper noun followed by the word "and," and so the second writer's name. Use the same gild that appears on the title page or byline of the source, which should also be the aforementioned guild you utilize on your Works Cited page. Follow the second author's proper noun with the page number, if the source is paginated.

   • For instance: With the explosion of streaming music, record deals had to evolve to incorporate this new method of distribution (Hall and Oates 24).

4. 4

   Follow the first author'south proper noun with "et. al" for 3 or more authors. MLA mode parenthetical citations only include the names of upward to ii authors. If the source has iii or more authors, but the kickoff author's name is included. However, you'll include all the author's names in your Works Cited entry.

   • For example: In the historic period of digital music, private songs accept get more of import than record sales (McCartney et. al. 37).

5. five

   Cite all pages where paraphrased information appears. Some authors may discuss a particular idea beyond several pages of their work. While yous don't necessarily have to include every instance where the thought was mentioned, you lot should include the page numbers for passages you specifically read. If the source has an index, information technology tin can help you with this.^[4]

   • For case: Record characterization fears that digital music would bring most their end were overblown (Urban 12, eighteen, 29-32).

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1. ane

   Include the start item that appears in your Works Cited entry. If a non-print source has an author, yous would include their last name in your parenthetical in-text citation. However, many non-print sources don't take authors the same way books and journal articles exercise. In these cases, utilize the first particular in your Works Cited entry to betoken your readers to the right full citation.^[5]

   • If you're citing a picture, the first particular in your Works Cited entry may be the director of the motion-picture show or it may be the title of the moving picture itself. For example, suppose you desire to cite the movie Raiders of the Lost Ark, directed by Steven Spielberg. If the offset item is the proper noun of the director, your in-text citation might be "(Spielberg)." If the offset item is the name of the motion picture, your in-text citation might exist "(Raiders)."

2. 2

   Leave out page numbers if the source isn't paginated. Many non-impress sources, including web pages, don't have page numbers. Rather than counting paragraphs or using the folio numbers on your computer's print part, just don't include the page number.^[6]

   • Include either the writer's terminal proper name in parentheses, or the starting time item that appears in your Works Cited entry.

3. 3

   Incorporate citation information into the body of your newspaper. If you include this information in the body of your newspaper, you don't demand a parenthetical in-text commendation at all – your reader will be able to find the right Works Cited entry from the data you've already provided. ^[7]

   • For instance, the judgement "In Spielberg's flick Raiders of the Lost Ark, a humble professor reveals a taste for gamble" would not need a parenthetical citation at the end.

   Tip: If yous're citing a website, don't include URLs in the body of your paper. If yous have to reference the website specifically, use an abbreviation of the proper name of the website, such as CNN.com.

4. iv

   Use runtime ranges for media sources. If you want to cite specific scenes in a media source, rather than the source equally a whole, the range of hours, minutes, and seconds yous reference takes the place of page numbers. Carve up the start and end of the range with a hyphen.^[8]

   • For instance: As audacious as he was, snakes were Indiana Jones's Achilles heel – so of course he would autumn into a tomb covered in snakes (Spielberg 01:18:43-01:27:32).

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1. 1

   Provide edition or affiliate numbers for classic works. If yous're citing a classic or literary work with many dissimilar editions, add together information to help your readers locate the specific passage you lot're referencing – even if they're looking at a different edition of the work. List the author if necessary, then the page number followed by a semi-colon. And then include your specific edition or chapter number later on the appropriate abridgement.^[9]

   • For example: Marx and Engels viewed history as a series of class struggles (79; ch. 1).

2. ii

   Add together a shortened title when citing two works by the same author. If an author is peculiarly prolific or a leader in the field, yous may take more than ane work written by them. List the author'southward proper name unless information technology is included in the body of your paper, then type a shortened version of the title – typically the first 2 or 3 words.^[x]

   • For example: Developmental psychologists originally believed minor children would not benefit from reckoner usage (Murray "Too Soon" 38). Nevertheless, later studies showed playing video games led to better small motor skill development (Murray "Hand-Center Development" 17).

   Tip: Format titles the same style they are formatted in your Works Cited entry. More often than not, titles of books are italicized, while titles of shorter articles are placed in double quotation marks.

3. 3

   Separate multiple sources in the same commendation with a semi-colon. If you lot accept a sentence that synthesizes information or ideas contained in multiple sources, your parenthetical citation at the terminate of the sentence should include both of them. Type the first 1 followed past a semi-colon, and so add together the 2d one.^[11]

   • For example: Small-scale children tin can interact with tablets or bear upon-screen devices better than with desktop computers that require the use of a keyboard and a mouse (Murray 17; Smith 37).

4. 4

   Simplify recurring citations from the same source, if advisable. If you lot're citing the same source several times in a row, with no intervening sources, you may be able to simplify subsequent citations.^[12]

   • For example, if you included the author's last name and page number in the kickoff citation, you could use page numbers merely in recurring citations.
   • If the source is not paginated, you may not be able to simplify the commendation any further.

5. 5

   Alter your format when citing the Bible. You don't normally take an entry for the Bible on your Works Cited page. Therefore, include the title of the version of the Bible you're using in your in-text citation, followed past the book, chapter, and verse.^[13]

   • For example: Ezekiel described four creatures, each with the faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle (New Jerusalem Bible, Ezek. 1.5-10).

6. half dozen

   Use the abridgement "qtd. in" to cite an indirect source. If the source you lot used included a quote or a paraphrase from another work, try to find the original source. If the original source is unavailable, use the indirect source as a final resort. Indicate in your in-text commendation that the words you referenced are non those of the author. Include the source yous used in your Works Cited, not the original source.^[14]

   • For example: Lennon argued that all problems of the earth could be solved if they were approached with dearest (qtd. in Starr 22).

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Add New Question

• Question

  How do I do quotes and punctuation marks?

  

  For quotes, employ single quotes. Put the punctuation marks inside the quotes.

• Question

  Where does the question marker go in an intext citation - at the end of the judgement, or exterior the parenthesis?

  

  I've always been told information technology goes at the finish exterior of the parenthesis, as if the parentheses were part of the judgement itself.

• Question

  How exercise I practice an in-text citation when at that place are two articles from the aforementioned website, there is no author, and the two articles have the same title except for the last word?

  

  Depending on your teacher'due south preferences, there are two master ways to do this. Ane way would be to add a number after the titles of both works. Another way would exist to only write out the complete championship.

• Question

  How exercise I cite in-text citations with two authors and no page number?

  

  This is similar circumstance #iii to a higher place, showing how to cite a source with two authors. You cite the two last names joined by "and." Since you lot have no page numbers, then the citation but requires the names.

• Question

  How practise I cite a film with in-text citations when I utilise scenes in an essay?

  

  This will depend on the focus of your paper. When using MLA formatting, your in-text citations for movies will depend on the Works Cited format you use for the moving-picture show. When creating your Works Cited entry for your picture show, y'all would start with the information that is nearly relevant to your paper. For instance, if you were writing a paper about Ron Howard, then you would start your entry with "Howard, Ron." So, for the in-text commendation, you can but include the outset item of the Works Cited entry in the parentheses (which, in our example, would exist "Howard").

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• Generally, your in-text citation goes at the finish of the sentence, inside the closing punctuation. However, if yous have a blockquote, the citation goes at the end of the blockquote, outside the closing punctuation.

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Commodity Summary X

To exercise in-text citations in MLA, provide the last name of the author and the page number the citation was pulled from in parentheses. If you mention the writer's last name within the sentence, simply include the page number from the book or article in parentheses at the end of the sentence. Alternatively, if y'all need to cite multiple authors, list the concluding proper noun of each writer along with the page number. When citing from cyberspace sources, use the same format unless the source doesn't accept a folio number, in which case you would use the name of the webpage. For more tips, like how to cite an indirect source in MLA, read on!

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Source: https://www.wikihow.com/Do-In%E2%80%90text-Citations-in-MLA

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